Nail Disorder
A nail disorder refers to any abnormality or condition that affects the nails, which can involve changes in their appearance, texture, shape, or growth.
Descriptions
Nail disorders can be caused by various factors, including infections, injuries, underlying health conditions, or environmental factors. These conditions may affect both the fingernails and toenails.
Causes of Nail Disorders
- Infections: Fungal, bacterial, or viral infections.
- Trauma: Injuries that affect the nail or nail bed.
- Underlying Health Conditions: Diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, or autoimmune disorders.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of vitamins, particularly biotin, zinc, or iron.
- Poor Nail Care: Improper trimming, excessive use of nail polish, or frequent exposure to chemicals.
- Genetic Factors: Some nail disorders, like nail psoriasis or inherited conditions, run in families.
- Environmental Factors: Exposure to moisture, chemicals, or extreme temperatures.
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Common Types of Nail Disorders
- Fungal Nail Infections (Onychomycosis) – Cause: Fungi, typically dermatophytes, infect the nail and surrounding tissue.
- Ingrown Nails (Onychocryptosis) – Cause: The edge of the nail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain and inflammation.
- Nail Psoriasis – Cause: A type of autoimmune disease affecting the skin, which can also involve the nails.
- Nail Trauma or Injury – Cause: Physical damage to the nail, such as hitting, crushing, or biting.
- Beau’s Lines – Cause: Temporary interruption in nail growth due to illness, injury, or stress.
- White Spots (Leukonychia) – Cause: Often due to minor trauma or a fungal infection, though sometimes linked to nutritional deficiencies.
- Nail Discoloration – Cause: Can be caused by infections, medications, or systemic diseases (e.g., liver disease, diabetes, or kidney disease).
- Onycholysis – Cause: Separation of the nail from the nail bed, often due to trauma, fungal infections, or psoriasis.
- Clubbing of the Nails – Cause: Often associated with heart, lung, or liver diseases, including chronic respiratory diseases.
- Nail Biting (Onychophagia) – Cause: A habit, often related to stress or anxiety.
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