Vitiligo
The result is white or depigmented patches of skin that can vary in size and location.
Descriptions
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition characterized by the loss of pigmentation in patches of skin. This occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin (the pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes their color), are destroyed or stop functioning.
Symptoms
- White or depigmented patches of skin.
- Commonly affected areas include the face, hands, feet, elbows, and knees.
- Premature graying of hair on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, or beard.
- Changes in the color of the retina or loss of pigment inside the mouth.
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Causes of Vitiligo
The exact cause of vitiligo is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors. Potential causes include:
- Autoimmune Response: The immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys melanocytes.
- Genetics: Family history of vitiligo or other autoimmune conditions increases the risk.
- Oxidative Stress: High levels of oxidative stress may damage melanocytes.
- Environmental Triggers: Stress, skin injury, or exposure to certain chemicals may act as triggers.
- Neurogenic Hypothesis: Neurochemical factors from nerve endings in the skin may contribute to melanocyte damage.
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